شاركونا في تاسيس قاموس عرب هاردوير

[TeT_TaT]

انطلاقا من جهود اخي hardware التي يبذلها تجاه هذا المنتدى واعضائه
وحرصا منه على زياده تطور هذا المنتدى فقد اقترح ان يتم اصدار قاموس
خاص بمنتديات عرب هادروير وقد اسند الى عمليه تجميع الكلمات وتوزيعها على
المشرفين والاعضاء ليقومو بترجمتها و ترجمه سليمه لغوياُ وهاردويرياُ

قد قسمت الكلمات التي تحتاج الى ترجمه الى مجموعات كل مجموعه تحوي 15 مصطلح
كل مصطلح معه معناه بالغه الانجليزيه
فعلى كل من يرى في نفسه القدره على المساعده ان يختار المجموعه التي تناسبه
وترجمتها واعاده وضعها هنا مع المعنى العربي والأنجليزي



المجموعه الاولى

100BASE-T: A 100-Mbps Ethernet standard, based on CSMA/CD technology.

100BASEVG: A proposed 100-Mbps LAN topology over UTP as suggested by HP(R)

10BASE2: An Ethernet network implemented on RG58 thin coaxial cable, commonly known as Thin Ethernet or ThinNet.

10BASE5: The original Ethernet standard as defined by DEC(tm), Xerox(R), and Intel(R), which uses thick yellow cable

10BASE-FL: The portion of the 10BASE-F standard that defines a fiberoptic link between concentrator and station.

10BASE-T: An Ethernet network implemented on twisted-pair cabling.

2B+D: ISDN basic-rate service presentation of two 64 Kbps B channels and one 16 Kbps D channel. See BRI, B Channel, and D Channel.

23B+D: ISDN primary-rate service presentation of 23 - 64 Kbps B channels and one 16 Kbps D channel.

Address: A unique sequence of bits, a character, or a group of characters that identifies a network station, user, or application; a unique ID for the destination of data; used for polling and routing purposes.  

AM (Amplitude Modulation): A modulation technique used to add information to a sine-wave signal; the magnitude of the sine wave, or carrier, is modified in accordance with the information to be transmitted.

Analog: A transmission mode in which data is represented by a continuously varying electrical signal.


APPC (Advanced Peer-to-Peer Communications): An API developed by IBM for its SNA networks. APPC features high-level program interaction capabilities on a peer-to-peer basis, and allows communications between computers without the intervention of a mainframe.  

Application Layer: The highest of the seven-layer OSI model structure; contains all user or application programs

ARCNET(R) (Attached Resource Computer Network): A LAN from Datapoint Corporation that interconnects personal computers via coaxial, twisted-pair, or fiberoptic cable. It transmits at 2 megabits per second and uses a token-passing access method and distributed-star topology.  

ARP (Address Resolution Protocol): A Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) process that maps IP addresses to Ethernet addresses; required by TCP/IP for use with Ethernet.

ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange): A 7-bit binary data code used in communications with most minicomputers and personal computers. ASCII has 128 possible character combinations. The extra bit in its 8-bit byte can be used as a parity bit or for special symbols 

المجوعة الثانية

Asynchronous modem: A modem that uses asynchronous transmission, and therefore does not require timing, synchronization with its attached DTE or the remote modem. It is also used to describe a modem that converts asynchronous inputs from the DTE to synchronous signals for modem-to-modem transmission.

Asynchronous transmission: A transmission method in which time intervals between transmitted characters may be of unequal length. Transmission is controlled by start and stop bits on each character, rather than by clocking as in synchronous transmission.

ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode): A standard which defines high-load, high-speed (1.544Mbps through 1.2Gbps), fixed-size packet (cell) switching with dynamic bandwidth allocation. ATM is also known as "fast packet".

Attenuation: The decrease of signal strength as it travels through the cable or device, measured in decibels.

AUI (Attachment Unit Interface): The cable (up to 50 meters in length) between the transceiver (mounted on the backbone Ethernet cable) and the network interface card in a PC or other network node.

AWG (American Wire Gauge): A standard method of defining the cross-section area of a wire.

B Channel (Bearer channel): A 64-Kbps ISDN user channel that carries digital data, PCM-encoded digital voice, or a mixture of lower-speed data traffic (can be digital data or digitized voice at a fraction of 64 Kbps).  

Backbone: 1) In 10BASE5 Ethernet, the main network cable, to which nodes are attached through transceivers. 2) In packet-switched networks, the major transmission path for a PDN.

Balun, (balanced, unbalanced): Device used for matching impedance between a balanced and an unbalanced line, usually twisted pir and coaxial cable. Baluns must be used in pairs

Bandwidth: The data-carrying capacity of a communications channel; measured (in Hertz) as the difference between the highest and lowest frequencies of the channel. Bandwidth varies depending on the transmission method.

Baseband: A transmission method, typically for shorter distances, in which the entire bandwidth of the cable is required to transmit a single digital signal. Digital signals are put onto the cable without modulation and are transmitted one at a time, making baseband a simpler and cheaper way to transmit data. Simultaneous transmissions can be achieved through time-division multiplexing.

Baud: Unit of signaling speed. The speed in baud is the number of discrete line changes or events per second. At low speeds, each event represents only one bit condition, and baud equals bps. As speed increases, each event represents more than one bit. Baud rate does not always equal bps. Baud rate and bps are often used (although incorretly) interchangeably.

BERT (Bit Error Rate Test): A test that measures the quality of a data transmission. The test compares received data with an established data pattern, then counts the number of mismatches (errors).

Beacon: A signal from a Token ring device indicating a serious problem with the ring, such as a broken cable. Beacon frames contain the address of the assumed down station.  

Binary: Digital system with two states, 1 and 0.

Bit: The smallest unit of information in a binary system; a bit can have a zero or a one value. 

المجوعة الثالثة

Bisynchronous transmission (BSC): Often abbreviated "bisync." A byte- or character-oriented IBM communications protocol that has become an industry standard. It uses a defined set of control characters for synchronized transmission of binary-coded data between stations in a data communications system. Bisync communications require that both the sending and receiving devices be synchronized before transmission of data begins.  

BNC: A bayonet-locking connector for miniature coax; BNC is said to be short for bayonet-Neill-Concelman.

bps (Bits Per Second): The basic unit of measurement for serial data transmission capacity; Kbps for kilo (thousands of) bits per second; Mbps for mega (millions of) bits per second; Gbps for giga (billions of) bits per second.

Breakout box: A testing device that permits the user to monitor the status of the various signals between two communicating devices, and to cross and tie interface leads, using jumper wires.


BRI (Basic Rate Interface): An ISDN service referred to as 2B+D. BRI provides two 64-Kbps digital channels to your desktop. It's capable of simultaneously transmitting or receiving any digital signal - voice, video, or data. ISDN Terminal Adapters replace modems as the customer-premise connection to this service, enabling you to make direct connections of data terminals and telephones.

Bridge: A device that connects two or more LANs (often called subnetworks) that are running the same protocols and cabling. This arrangement creates an extended network, in which any two workstations on the linked LANs can share data. Bridges use only the bottom two layers of the OSI model.  

Broadband: A transmission method that uses a bandwidth greater than a voice-grade channel's, and potentially capable of much higher transmission rates; also called wideband. In broadcast transmission, multiple channels access a medium (usually coaxial cable) that has a large bandwidth, using radio-frequency modems. Each channel occupies (is modulated to) a different frequency slot on the cable, and is demodulated to its original frequency at the receiving end. Cable television is an example.

Brouter: A device which bridges some packets (i.e., forwards based on datalink layer information) and routes other packets (i.e., forwards based on network layer information). The bridge/route decision is based on configuration information.

Byte: A unit of information, used mainly in referring to data transfer, semiconductor capacity, and data storage; also referred to as a character; a group of eight (sometimes seven) bits used to represent a character.

Cascade: To connect a multiple-port device to another identical device, thus increasing the number of ports available. A typical example would be to cascade ethernet hubs

Category 3: A cabling standard for UTP horizontal wiring. Used for 10-Mbps 10BASE-T Ethernet networks or 4-Mbps Token Ring networks.  

Category 4: A cabling standard for UTP wiring with a bandwidth of 20 MHz. Commonly used for 16-Mbps Token Ring networks.

Category 5: A cabling standard for UTP wiring with a bandwidth of 100Mhz. Commonly used for 4 and 16-Mbps Token Ring and 10 and 100BaseT Ethernet networks.

CCITT (Comite Consultatif Internationale de Telegraphique et Telephonique): An international consultative committee that set world-wide communications standards (such as V.21, V.22, and X.25). Replaced by the ITU-TSS.

Centronics(R) parallel: The de-facto standard for personal computer printers. This 36-pin parallel interface allows the connection of printers and other devices to a computer.  

Channel bank: Equipment in a telephone central office or customer premises that performs multiplexing of lower-speed digital channels into a higher-speed composite channel. The channel bank also detects and transmits signaling information for each channel transmitting framing information so that time slots allocated to each channel can be identified by the receiver

CHAP: Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol. A security feature that prevents unauthorized access to devices running the feature. CHAP is only supported on lines using PPP encapsulation.

Cladding: In fiberoptic cable, a colored low-refractive-index material that surrounds the core and provides optical insulation and protection to the core.